Strategic Management in the Non Profit Sector Essay - 1

Key Management in the Non Profit Sector - Essay Example Associations are a significant capacity in the non-benefit part. The situating of endeavors pair with that of another association enables the association to move towards compelling objective accomplishment. This likewise advances congruity in exercises and the general public all in all. The organizing and vital administration of objectives and structures inside an association must prompt organizations with outside gatherings. This is because of the way that a not revenue driven association fundamentally manages what is outside, instead of what is inside. Its exercises spin around the advancement of individuals and their surroundings. Therefore, it is critical to work pair with different associations that can give it something that is missing inside the association being referred to. This involves vital situating and the vital use and the board of assets that have a place with the general public all in all. Associations are likewise a decent choice in vital administration for new and creating associations as it helps in the sharing of expenses and assets. It additionally helps the new association in collecting the imperative measure of understanding and influence in the market.

Business Strategy Essays

Business Strategy Essays Business Strategy Essay Business Strategy Essay Advancement and the setting of business technique 2. 1 What is advancement? Progression alludes to the unwinding of rules and guidelines or approaches of a legislature in a nation. As per the situation, in 1991, the Indian economy has been opened because of advancement. 2. 1. 1 How did it influence the Indian vehicle industry? The Indian government kept on having a shut economy until 1991. By then Maruti Suzuki was the market chief of the vehicle business obtaining a piece of the pie of about 83. %. In any case, anyway the administration choice of opening the economy in 1991 had noteworthy effects on Indian car organizations, for example, Maruti Suzuki. The primary influence was the passage of remote contenders that made the business exceptionally serious and the circumstance made it hard for residential organizations, for example, Maruti to hold its piece of the pie, which is unmistakably reflected by the drop of piece of the pie from 83. 1% to 60. 8%. This will prompt decrease in t he development of India’s vehicle industry. Anyway there will be sure points of interest on the Indian vehicle industry, for example, the entering of assets from remote nations which are less expensive than the assets in India. More access to innovation will be another bit of leeway to the Indian car organizations from advancement. 2. 2 Defining the setting of business methodology The prime point of a business system is to give prevalent worth, separation, and center skills for an association. (http://jobfunctions. bnet. com/unique. aspx? docid=90501). Business procedure is a drawn out arrangement which includes esteem, separates and recognizes key abilities and limits of an association to utilize them. 2. 3 Importance of Business Strategy The methodology demonstrates a course to the association to reach company’s vision. Gives a comprehension about quickly evolving condition. Aides in conquering issues. 3. 0 Significance of partner examination Any association working in reality impacts nature or the individuals related and random to it. Additionally certain people or gatherings of individuals likewise may have impacts on the association. The people or gatherings of individuals who are intrigued or are affected by an organization’s exercises is called as partners. The partners can be arranged as inner and outer. As indicated by the contextual analysis, Maruti Suzuki has begun losing its piece of the overall industry after the advancement. In this way it is vital for Maruti to carryout an examination on various interests and effects on interests of its partners. An investigation of partners, their stakes and effects of advancement on every one of these partners are demonstrated as follows: 3. The partner examination of Maruti Suzuki Government Interest: expense, sway and flourishing The administration choice to liberalizatio0n drove contenders to enter the market and this will prompt a misfortune in power and success of nation. The administration aim to gather expense would be influenced as Maruti’s benefits may now descend because of increment in rivalry. Contenders Interest: compelling rivalry, increasi ng predominant force The contender associations which were looking for contending openings were affected well from the administration activity of progression. They made it a chance to enter the Indian car industry and contend adequately. This methodology of contenders was effective as they had the option to catch Maruti’s piece of the pie by drawing in the vast majority of its clients. Clients Interest: quality, variety, low costs, client care The purchasers, as they generally investigate new varieties that are low valued and keep going for quite a while have all around favored the remote vehicles prompting an extraordinary fall in Maruti’s piece of the overall industry. (I. e. by 83. 1% to 60. 8%). Workers Interest: pay and different advantages The setting up of contending remote vehicle organizations would have given openings for work at better bundles which may have driven a few representatives to leave Maruti Suzuki and join its rivals. Japan based Suzuki Interest: organization picture, benefits, development This is the mother organization of Maruti Suzuki. After the loss of Maruti’s piece of the overall industry and decrease in benefits, Suzuki’s picture will be influenced and thus the benefits will go down. Providers Interest: durable relationship, benefits The providers of Maruti Suzuki will pick up the upside of higher client base. They will likewise have the option to sell the assets at an a lot more significant expense to outside contenders than Maruti Suzuki. Subsequently this will prompt lost a few providers or Maruti’s contenders delivering a similar standard items. 2. 3 Internal condition 2. 3. 1 Corporate investigation Strengths Being the predominant market pioneer in Indian car industry securing a piece of the pie of 55%. Solid brand name of Maruti Suzuki. Increment in net deals to Rs. 90. 81bn. Increment in net benefit from Rs. 3. 46bn to Rs. 5. 42bn. The capacities of representatives in Maruti Suzuki and their insight and thoughts regarding new innovation. The accessibility of new innovation to make and structure vehicles. Built up dissemination and after-deals systems, and provider base. Comprehension of the Indian market and the concurrence with the administration. Contemporary innovation of Japanese Management rehearses Early mover focal points Maruti Suzuki was the principal organization to have acquired the innovation in India in 1983. Great special procedure is embraced by MUL to change its musings to the individuals about its items E. g: Alto: â€Å"Lets Go† The eco-friendly and moderate vehicle. The capacity of Maruti Suzuki which helped in distinguishing its destruction and the use of rebuilding system to defeat this circumstance. Shortcomings Difficulty in contending with other worldwide vehicle producing organizations because of the accessibility of deficient assets and innovation. Maruti Suzuki is an auxiliary of Japan based Suzuki Motor Corporation which implies it is dependant and has less opportunity of filling in as an individual body. For Maruti to perform better, it needs to change over the shortcomings inside the association to qualities. The shortcoming of deficient assets and absence of trend setting innovation could be overwhelmed by contributing more on cutting edge innovation. Further the current workforce in Maruti can be redistributed so as to hone their implicit information as they may now concoct new thoughts. This factor may make center skills in Maruti. Anyway putting resources into new innovation must be done over the long haul. Maruti Suzuki is an auxiliary of Japan based Suzuki Motor Corporation. In this way it has certain inconveniences, for example, less opportunity of dynamic and etc†¦. ut anyway this may likewise have certain favorable circumstances, for example, being a piece of a main organization Maruti Suzuki can keep up its piece of the overall industry, gain exposure, can get mindful of and develop into new markets and etc†¦. the shortcoming of inadequate materials and less access to new innovation could likewise be overwhelmed by having a decent connection with Japan Suzuki Motor Cor poration. Openings The expanding interest for vehicles in the worldwide markets. Improvement in foundation will urge shoppers to buy car. Indians’ inclination to Indian items Reduced financing costs on car advances. Increment in buying intensity of Indian economy. The joint endeavor understanding between the Indian government and Maruti. Developing populace in India gives Maruti less expensive work which help them to accomplish the target of creating minimal effort vehicles. Dangers The improvement in worries on condition insurance will anyway make negative effects on organizations like Maruti Suzuki. The opening of economy to different nations made outside rivalry enter Indian economy. Transformation of dangers to circumstances would coordinate Maruti towards its prosperity. The worry on ecological insurance is a factor, which has a fast increment all inclusive. Vehicle producing organizations are supposed to make significant effects on condition particularly due to an unnatural weather change which happens because of air contamination and extraction of assets from the earth. To maintain a strategic distance from this, Maruti Suzuki can complete with powerful CSR ventures. This may expand its generosity further. The opening of economy has helped new remote contenders to enter the market. Be that as it may, anyway Maruti can make this a preferred position as it is currently simple for Maruti to mindful about the techniques remote organizations are utilizing. Likewise with the opening of economy, better imported assets may go to the Indian market with high caliber and at a lower cost. 2. 4 External condition 2. 4. 1 PESTEL examination Political variables and lawful elements Government strategies on vehicle industry. The presentation of ‘New modern policy’ affected Maruti Suzuki by expanded remote rivalry yet in any case, it acquired new innovation which was gainful to Maruti Suzuki. Duties which may be as of now existing and might be actualized later on. The joint endeavor understanding between the administration and Maruti has affected the organization well in 1981. The improving monetary security in India would help Maruti Suzuki in improving its exhibition. Practical variables Liberalization The opening of economy to different nations made outside rivalry enter Indian economy, which dropped down Maruti’s piece of the overall industry by 22. 3% (I. e. from 83. 1% to 60. 8%). The Economy of India is the eleventh bigge st on the planet by ostensible GDP and the fourth biggest by buying power equality. The countrys per capita GDP is $3,176 (IMF,

Candombl Religion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Candombl Religion - Research Paper Example The religion is established on the spirit of Nature, yet in addition shows components of African folklore and culture. The prevalence of Candomblã © is because of the mix of numerous religions into one, making it pleasing to an assortment of potential devotees and one of the most wail out religions in Africa and Europe. At the point when a religion is viewed as syncretistic, it implies that it is a blend of at least two religions or societies, pulling convictions, stories, and, in many cases, gods from different religions. Candomblã © is a blend of three principle African religions, Yoruba, Fon, and Bantu. Muslim customs have additionally been consolidated, however these were increasingly regular during the slave exchange Brazil. The main Muslim custom that is as yet seen in Candomblã © is accepting, and consequently rehearsing, the utilization of Friday as the main day deserving of venerating gods, imploring, and thinking. Numerous nearby Native American divinities were additiona lly utilized in customs, however this training didn't keep going long because of the Catholic Church looking downward on such practices, along these lines not permitting their captives to actualize them into their practices. Catholicism is one more religion whose convictions and practices have been embraced by the Candomblã © religion. This was because of the way that â€Å"many Christian slave proprietors and Church pioneers felt it was imperative to change over the oppressed Africans. This was so as to satisfy their strict commitments [...] (â€Å"History of Candomble).† An association was found between the adoring of holy people in Catholicism and the venerating of progenitor gods in Candomble, so the Candomble professionals furtively consolidated their divinities with the holy people of Catholicism. Gods and Beliefs Candomble is a polytheistic religion, perceiving and loving more than one god. They have faith in an almighty God, Oludumare, and the lesser gods that serve him. These lesser gods are known as orixas, voduns, and inkices. Orixas are predecessors that, upon death, become seen and treated as divine beings. They each speak to a particular power in nature and a specific food, creature, or shading. Voduns and inkices are soul divine beings, like orixas; the three lesser gods share the obligation of going about as an association between the otherworldly world and the human world, going along messages or looking for fixes to diseases. The best distinction among orixas and voduns and inkices is that it is accepted that each individual has their own orixa, whose obligation it is to control the predetermination of that individual, just as to secure them (Voeks 57). It is likewise a conviction of Candomble professionals that a person’s character and characterizing qualities are subject to that person’s orixa. Candomble keeps up a conviction like that of karma, which is increasingly regular in Buddhism and Hinduism. Karma is the conv iction that a person’s activities in the current will impact or affect their lives later on or in another life. Candomble holds that there are no ideas of good and fiendishness. Every individual has the undertaking of satisfying their predetermination in the manner they have to, paying little heed to what that fate is. Be that as it may, if an individual capitulates to wickedness to satisfy their predetermination, their activities will return to them, basically restoring their malevolence. This conviction keeps individuals from doing whatever they need, permitting them to comprehend that their are results to their activities. The Candomble have an assortment of good codes that they most follow, however these will in general change from age to age. It is the activity of the Baba Egum to direct and refresh the ethical duties of their kin. The Baba Egum are accountable for ensuring that the basic good codes

Air Traffic Management Concept Essay

This paper expects to give some significant issues with respect to the mix of future ground-based ATM choice emotionally supportive networks (The Air Traffic Management Concept) and how these frameworks will improve the human factor noticeable all around traffic framework. On the off chance that current airspace techniques proceed for what it's worth, raising traffic requests are ventured to bargain numerous things. Among these are on-time execution, security, and wellbeing. Managing these raising airspace fitness essentials would require extensive modification and improvement to current-day systems. One endeavor in taking care of this issue is to give carriers more freedom in doing their own calendars and choices of traffic courses while as yet proceeding to scatter errands for segment and appearance intending to the ATSP. ATSP represents Air Traffic Service Providers. Aviation authority situated strategies fixates on airspace revamping and advancement or improving of apparatuses for air traffic administrators and controllers which thusly, would empower them to deal with air traffic all the more cautiously and successfully. In the Air Traffic Management section of the Terminal Area Productivity program, they were taking a shot at the fuse of future ground-based ATM choice emotionally supportive networks with that of FMS (Flight Management System) outfitted airplane contained in the terminal region, the looks into and representations focused on intensifying air terminal limit. They do this by utilizing the CTAS or Center TRACON Automation System for creating compelling directions. Information associate for imparting the said directions into the airplane and Flight Management System outfitted airplane for flying them precisely (The Boeing Company, 2001). In such manner significant air terminals which are tormented by the troubles of airplane appearance surges ought to be examined. The goal was to introduce a safe, profoundly skillful progression of traffic which would start from in transit into TRACON airspace which reliably ship airplane to the runway passage, while protecting as much flight group gracefulness and specialists as reasonable. Triumphant arranging and usage of a successful appearance stream requires a careful information on all airplane and administrators. Information on traffic administrations just as on dispersing constraints is likewise required. It ought to likewise incorporate synchronization among controllers, flight teams, just as traffic organization. The arrangement for future ground-based ATM choice emotionally supportive networks could be envisioned as a human-focused framework on which the controllers just as the pilots would utilize forms, flight the board automation just as assessment bolster instruments to forcefully administer traffic appearance. It could be seen that they focus on a future air traffic framework which are run and managed by the ATSP and they foresee this to be prepared by 2010. ATSP represents Air Traffic Service Providers (NASA Ames Research Center, 2002). . The operational hypothesis for achieving viability advancements over current methods is to delineate viable appearance stream sooner than should be expected and afterward actualize the appearance plan as precisely as could be. They additionally introduced a â€Å"multi-segment appearance planner† Air Traffic Control orchestrates to connect the break among traffic executives, dispatchers just as the segment controllers. The planner’s obligations incorporate creating the best timetable and game plan for all approaching airplane and struggle free flight courses which would consistently have the option to meet the calendars. The organizer arranges the caused flight courses. The segment controllers concerns would then on utilize a graphical coordination mechanical assembly. Subsequent to investigating the suggested flight way, the segment controllers conveys fitting approvals to the flight teams. The flight groups would then seek after the made way precisely applying their flight the board automation. Area controllers are in control in saving division and changing the appearance plan to new circumstances. Mechanization and procedures are arranged so as to help with all the previously mentioned errands (Advanced Air Transportation Technologies, 1999). The Terminal Area Productivity idea is more determined than the present framework yet the controllers are enthusiastically drawn in with everything in the technique of creating and actualizing a traffic stream plan which would be utilized for appearance surge. Despite the fact that it radically changes the undertakings of the partners it doesn't adjust their accountabilities. The principal flight deck situated entertainment uncovered that information connect strategy in the lethal area was sufficient and worthwhile for the flight groups. Normally teams favor a Boeing 777 which diminishes heads-down time on the field. They could gainfully utilize the sides flight the executives reason LNAV to the finishing up technique fix. A VSD model was propelled to help in utilizing Flight Management System robotization closer to the ground. This was dispensed with high markings by the flightcrews. Fundamental outstanding task at hand or activity incongruities can't be found among circumstances with and without the Vertical Situation Display or VSD (The Boeing Company, 2001). A flight multiplication at NASA Langley Research Center yielded a promising outcome. It demonstrated that miscounts on appearance time at the end approach fix could be extensively decreased. This should be possible by flying TRACON directions with Flight Management System oversight as contrasted and heading vectors. The fundamental outline of CTAS/FMS methods with controllers indicated the guarantee for increasing the adequacy of appearance streams by utilizing the CTAS apparatuses for arranging and administering. The formulated controller interface with the motorization and the information connect was middle of the road. Be that as it may, it could at present utilize further upgrades. There are various disadvantages which had been referenced here. Among the said disadvantages are an excessive amount of data in the information obstruct, an uncouth and complex course preliminary arranging interface just as the three catch mouse. The operational idea in any case, acquired great inputs and the controllers were anxious for the guarantee it appears. The Advanced Air Transportation Technology is a part of NASA’s ASC program. ASC represents Aviation System Capacity. Its will probably better the general activity of NAS (National Airspace System). In order to achieve this objective AATT is developing choice help innovations and procedures to help National Airspace System partners. The vision of the Advanced Air Transportation Technology Project worried far-term National Airspace System techniques is spoken to in the Distributive Air Ground Traffic Management idea (Advanced Air Transportation Technologies, 1999). Dispersed Air Ground Traffic Management is focusing on a free-flight condition on which flight teams would have the option to take all the more part on dynamic procedures. As opposed to simply actualizing controller bearings, the groups would have more freedom in requesting and picking flight courses. Created on-board robotization for fluctuation location and resolve would influence the pilot’s conduct, thus impacting controller’s demeanor and setting more conditions on ground computerization and data sharing. The Distributed Air Ground ideas spread a collection of likely intends to deal with appearances changing from ceaseless free-trip to completely ground-controlled. There are two limits all the while. The first is the free-trip to the limit. The second is Ground (ATSP) Controlled Arrival. The free-trip to the edge involves that the flight deck in control for course arranging and division from the airplane entirely through the appearance. The airplane turns up at the Center in free flight. It is responsible for removing itself from other traffic. Traffic stream the executives restrictions for going into the terminal district are made open to the flight team. The flight teams thusly adjust their terminal appearance plan fittingly. After gravitating toward the TRACON airspace, the flight groups pick the airplane which they want to track to the limit and pick the fitting acclimatizing and separating limits then they would pursue the lead airplane to the runway. Ground (ATSP) controlled appearance is another outrageous in this is exceptionally close to the idea outlined on the prior TAP investigate. After coming in the terminal airspace free flight is ended for the approaching traffic. Ground-based traffic supervisors are then answerable for two things. Their duty ranges from making a calendar and appearance directions to conveying them to the airplanes. The airplane could downlink a specific flight way request that the Air Traffic Service Providers might possibly concur into. Responsibility for division and course arranging keeps on the ground everywhere throughout the course of the appearance stage. The flight group gets progressively strategic Flight Management System and separating approvals than in today’s strategic settings (NASA Ames Research Center, 2002). Free trip to the edge would require included airplane gear. This may include RTA and CDTI. Strife identification and goals calculation could likewise be incorporated. RTA represents Required Time of Arrival while CDTI represents Cockpit Display of Traffic Information. Ground controlled appearances are somewhat changed. They don't utilize the airplane capacities in the best lead. Beside that they put the entire stream oversight issues on the controller. The future air traffic framework would coordinate appearances so that it would lie between the limits of the two boundaries referenced before. This opens the chance of moving from ground-controlled into a free-flight (NASA Ames Research Center, 2002). Tests and operational exhibitions would show which idea is by all accounts generally appropriate. The measure of free-trip against Air Traffic Control could be reliant on the traffic conditions, office exhibitions, airplane

The Health Effects of Heroin

The Health Effects of Heroin Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print The Health Effects of Heroin Short-Term and Long-Term Effects By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 10, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 20, 2019 Doug Menuez Collection / Photodisc / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery As with most illegal drugs, heroin use has both short-term and long-term effects. Whether injected, snorted or smoked, heroin will begin to affect the bodys central nervous system almost immediately after it is used. Short-Term Effects Shortly after using, a feeling of euphoria will come over users, in which they have a warm flushing of the skin, a dry mouth and the feeling of having heavy arms and legs.?? After the initial rush, users will go into an alternately wakeful and drowsy state sometimes called on the nod. Because heroin suppresses the central nervous system, the user experiences cloudy mental function. Users will begin to breathe at a slower rate and their breathing can reach a point of respiratory failure. Long-Term Effects Repeated and chronic heroin users who fail to use sterile technique or share equipment will begin to experience the long-term effects of such practices: Infection of the heart lining and valves??, normally due to lack of sterile technique.Liver disease: approximately 70-80% of new hepatitis C infections in the U.S. each year are the result of injection drug use, and even sharing snorting straws has been linked to hepatitis transmissionKidney disease.??Pulmonary complications, which are often infection relatedSkin infections and abscesses, especially among chronic injectors who suffer scarred or collapsed veins In addition to the risk of contracting the hepatitis virus, heroin users also have an increased risk of catching human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other blood-borne viruses.?? Other Long-Term Health Effects Other long-term health effects of heroin use can include: Collapsed veinsConstipation and stomach cramps??Pneumonia Overdose Warning The most serious health effect of heroin use is the possibility of death due to accidental overdose.?? Because heroin is an illegal drug and can be handled and cut (mixed with other ingredients) by various suppliers before it reaches street-level users, those who use the drug never know how potent or pure the heroin they are using is until they use it. Heroin is often mixed with sugar, starch, quinine, and sometimes, strychnine or other poisons, adding other potential dangers.?? Because of the unknown strength and actual contents of the heroin they are taking, users are at great risk of overdose and death. Addiction Another dangerous effect of heroin use is the highly addictive nature of the drug.?? All heroin users, even those who only snort or smoke the drug, can become addicted with repeated use. Over time, heroin users develop a tolerance for the drug requiring them to use increasingly larger amounts to achieve the same feeling they experienced when they first began to use.?? After a while, the tolerance level to the drug rises to the level that heroin use in any amount stops producing the euphoric effect the user once experienced altogether. When this occurs, the addict continues to seek and take the drug just to feel normal. They become physically dependent upon the drug. Withdrawal When people addicted to heroin try to stop using they can experience extreme withdrawal symptoms. The symptoms can include: Extreme craving for the drug??RestlessnessMuscle and bone pain??Vomiting The most severe heroin withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after stopping use and can last up to a week. Heroin and Pregnancy Heroin use during pregnancy carries the risk of spontaneous miscarriage.?? The use of the drug by pregnant womenâ€"along with related factors such as poor nutrition and inadequate prenatal careâ€"has been associated with low birth weight. Low birth weight has been linked to later delays in development for the infant. Babies of mothers who regularly use heroin during their pregnancies can be born physically dependent on heroin themselves and can experience neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)??, a drug-withdrawal syndrome requiring hospitalization. Getting Help If you believe your health has been affected by the use of heroin or that you are becoming dependent upon the drug, help is available to help you reduce or stop your use of the drug.?? There are many treatment options available that have been proven to help those who have a sincere desire to quit. There is hope! The Health Effects of Heroin Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print The Health Effects of Heroin Short-Term and Long-Term Effects By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 10, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 20, 2019 Doug Menuez Collection / Photodisc / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery As with most illegal drugs, heroin use has both short-term and long-term effects. Whether injected, snorted or smoked, heroin will begin to affect the bodys central nervous system almost immediately after it is used. Short-Term Effects Shortly after using, a feeling of euphoria will come over users, in which they have a warm flushing of the skin, a dry mouth and the feeling of having heavy arms and legs.?? After the initial rush, users will go into an alternately wakeful and drowsy state sometimes called on the nod. Because heroin suppresses the central nervous system, the user experiences cloudy mental function. Users will begin to breathe at a slower rate and their breathing can reach a point of respiratory failure. Long-Term Effects Repeated and chronic heroin users who fail to use sterile technique or share equipment will begin to experience the long-term effects of such practices: Infection of the heart lining and valves??, normally due to lack of sterile technique.Liver disease: approximately 70-80% of new hepatitis C infections in the U.S. each year are the result of injection drug use, and even sharing snorting straws has been linked to hepatitis transmissionKidney disease.??Pulmonary complications, which are often infection relatedSkin infections and abscesses, especially among chronic injectors who suffer scarred or collapsed veins In addition to the risk of contracting the hepatitis virus, heroin users also have an increased risk of catching human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other blood-borne viruses.?? Other Long-Term Health Effects Other long-term health effects of heroin use can include: Collapsed veinsConstipation and stomach cramps??Pneumonia Overdose Warning The most serious health effect of heroin use is the possibility of death due to accidental overdose.?? Because heroin is an illegal drug and can be handled and cut (mixed with other ingredients) by various suppliers before it reaches street-level users, those who use the drug never know how potent or pure the heroin they are using is until they use it. Heroin is often mixed with sugar, starch, quinine, and sometimes, strychnine or other poisons, adding other potential dangers.?? Because of the unknown strength and actual contents of the heroin they are taking, users are at great risk of overdose and death. Addiction Another dangerous effect of heroin use is the highly addictive nature of the drug.?? All heroin users, even those who only snort or smoke the drug, can become addicted with repeated use. Over time, heroin users develop a tolerance for the drug requiring them to use increasingly larger amounts to achieve the same feeling they experienced when they first began to use.?? After a while, the tolerance level to the drug rises to the level that heroin use in any amount stops producing the euphoric effect the user once experienced altogether. When this occurs, the addict continues to seek and take the drug just to feel normal. They become physically dependent upon the drug. Withdrawal When people addicted to heroin try to stop using they can experience extreme withdrawal symptoms. The symptoms can include: Extreme craving for the drug??RestlessnessMuscle and bone pain??Vomiting The most severe heroin withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after stopping use and can last up to a week. Heroin and Pregnancy Heroin use during pregnancy carries the risk of spontaneous miscarriage.?? The use of the drug by pregnant womenâ€"along with related factors such as poor nutrition and inadequate prenatal careâ€"has been associated with low birth weight. Low birth weight has been linked to later delays in development for the infant. Babies of mothers who regularly use heroin during their pregnancies can be born physically dependent on heroin themselves and can experience neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)??, a drug-withdrawal syndrome requiring hospitalization. Getting Help If you believe your health has been affected by the use of heroin or that you are becoming dependent upon the drug, help is available to help you reduce or stop your use of the drug.?? There are many treatment options available that have been proven to help those who have a sincere desire to quit. There is hope!